In this sample, exposure levels were low in most adults and children tested and much lower than those reported in studies years after the Chernobyl incident (49 Bq/kg after 7-10 years). To our knowledge, this is the first report on internal exposure to cesium radiation after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant incident. The institutional review board of the Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, approved the study with a waiver of informed consent. All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata/MP version 11 (StataCorp LP). 3 χ 2 Tests were used to compare proportions of adults and children exposed, with 2-sided P < .05 considered statistically significant. Common dose-limit recommendations for the public are 1 mSv or less. Total cesium exposure was converted into committed effective dose (sievert, Sv) based on the assumption of acute cesium inhalation immediately after the disaster in adults, and on that of chronic cesium ingestion after the disaster in children. Cesium exposure was measured as both total body exposure and concentration by body weight (Bq/kg) and is reported as median values with ranges (minimum to maximum). Persons without radiation exposure would have a level of 0 Bq. Detection limits were 210 Bq for 134Cs and 250 Bq for 137Cs with a 2-minute scan. A voluntary screening program for levels of cesium ( 134Cs and 137Cs), known to be representative of total internal radiation exposure, 2 was conducted between September 26, 2011, and March 31, 2012, for all residents aged 6 years or older using a whole-body counter (Fastscan Model 2250) shielded to background radiation. Many residents were evacuated, but by August 2011, approximately half had returned. Minamisoma is located 23 km north of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. Shared Decision Making and Communication.
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